Efek pemberian jus tomat-mentimun terhadap tekanan darah pasien penyakit jantung pembuluh darah di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto

Adhila Fayasari; Sulasminiati Sulasminiati; Isti Istianah

doi:10.35842/ilgi.v8i1.542

Efek pemberian jus tomat-mentimun terhadap tekanan darah pasien penyakit jantung pembuluh darah di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto

Adhila Fayasari, Sulasminiati Sulasminiati, Isti Istianah

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Manajemen hipertensi pada pasien kardiovaskular dapat mengurangi efek morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pengontrolan diet dengan asupan tinggi kalium merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengontrol tekanan darah. Pemberian jus tomat-mentimun berperan sebagai salah satu treatment non farmakologi penurunan profil tekanan darah. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis perbedaan profil tekanan darah terhadap pemberian jus tomat-mentimun pada pasien penyakit kardiovaskular di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental pada 36 subjek di bangsal kardiovaskular RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, dengan masing-masing 18 subjek untuk kontrol mendapatkan jus tomat 200 ml dan untuk intervensi mendapatkan jus tomat-mentimun 200 ml selama lima hari. Kedua kelompok mendapat obat hipertensi dan diet khusus rendah garam. Data tekanan darah diukur dengan sphigmomanometer raksa, dan data asupan diukur dengan menggunakan food recall 24 hours. Analisis statistik menggunakan Mann-whitney test, paired t-test dan MANCOVA dengan α 5%. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik di kedua kelompok perlakuan (p<0,001). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan selisih tekanan sistolik dan diastolik antara kelompok jus tomat dan tomat-mentimun (p>0,05). Penurunan tekanan darah lebih besar pada kelompok tomat dengan rerata 3,56 mmHg untuk tekanan darah sistolik dan 0,67 mmHg untuk tekanan darah diastolik. Kesimpulan: Pemberian jus tomat dan jus tomat-mentimun dapat menurunkan tekanan darah, namun tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara keduanya.

Keywords

mentimun; penyakit kardiovaskular; tekanan darah; tomat

References

Roth G.A. MGAF V. “The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks: a compass for global action.” J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:2980–1.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2013 [Internet]. Jakarta; 2013 [cited 2022 Jun 27]. Available from: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018 [Internet]. Jakarta; 2018 [cited 2020 Nov 27]. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf

S Nu. Faktor resiko penyakit kardiovaskular berbasis sekolah. UNMUH Ponorogo Press. 2014;

Razo C., Welgan C.A., Johnson C.O. et al. “Effects of elevated systolic blood pressure on ischemic heart disease: a burden of proof study.” Nat Med. 2022;28:2056–65.

Zhang W, Zhang S, Deng Y, Wu S, Ren J, Sun G, et al. Trial of intensive blood-pressure control in older patients with hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021 Sep 30;385(14):1268–79.

Vaduganathan M, Mensah GA, Turco JV, Fuster V, Roth GA. The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Dec;80(25):2361–71.

Lewis CE, Fine LJ, Beddhu S, Cheung AK. Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021 May 20;384(20):1921–30.

Abel N, Contino K, Jain N, Grewal N, Grand E, Hagans I, et al. Eighth joint national committee (JNC-8) guidelines and the outpatient management of hypertension in the African-American population. N Am J Med Sci. 2015;7(10):438–445.

Challa HJ, Ameer MA UK. StatPearls [internet] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482514/. DASH diet to stop hypertension.

Kemenkes R. Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia (TKPI). 2019.

Haddy FJ, Vanhoutte PM, Feletou M. Role of potassium in regulating blood flow and blood pressure. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2006 Mar;290(3):R546–52.

Burns WR, Cohen KD, Jackson WF. K + ‐Induced dilation of hamster cremasteric arterioles involves both the Na + /K + ‐ATPase and inward‐rectifier K+ channels. Microcirculation. 2004 Apr 5;11(3):279–93.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Data Komposisi Pangan Indonesia [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Aug 10]. Available from: https://panganku.org/id-ID/view

Sariwulan DR, Suroto S, Probandari AN SS. . Pengaruh dosis dan waktu pemberian suplementasi jus tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien post stroke akut. Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan. 2016;3(2):66–79.

Lavenia C NN. Pemberian juice campuran tomat dan mentimun terhadap penurunan tekanan darah kepada penderita hipertensi. IPTEKS Terapan. 2015;9(1):114–122.

Putri H, Suryarinilsih Y RD. Efektivitas jus mentimun terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Journal of Health and Cardiovascular Nursing. 2023;3(2):63–70.

Hariyanti R. Hadisaputro S., Sumarni S WE. The effectiveness of cucumber suri juice (Cucumis sativus) on blood pressure in menopausal hypertension. STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2020;9(2):1771–1778.

Federer W. Experimental design, theory and application. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publ. Co; 1967.

Lovindy Putri L. Pengaruh pemberian sari mentimun (Cucumis sativus L) terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada penderita hipertensi. Universitas Diponegoro; 2014.

Dewi RK KL. The effect of giving a combination of cucumber and tomato juice on overweight female blood pressure (menopouse). Journal for Quality in Public Health. 2022;6(1):229–304.

Ettehad D, Emdin DA, Anderson SG, Calleder T, Emberson J, Chalmers J, Rodgers A RK. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2016;387:957–967.

León‐García E, Coronel OADÁ, Vela‐Gutiérrez G, Medina JD la C, García HS. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In: Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals. Wiley; 2017. p. 1259–78.

Viuda-Martos M, Sanchez-Zapata E, Sayas-Barberá E, Sendra E, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Fernández-López J. Tomato and tomato byproducts. Human Health Benefits of Lycopene and Its Application to Meat Products: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Jan 5;54(8):1032–49.

Treggiari, D., Dalbeni, A., Meneguzzi, A., Delva, P., Fava, C., Molesini, B. et al. Lycopene inhibits endothelial cells migration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A increasing nitric oxide bioavailability. J Funct Food. 2018;42:312–8.

Sharmin, R., Khan, M. R. I., Akhtar, M. A., Alim, A., Islam, M. A., Anisuzzaman, A. S. M., & Ahmed M. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of cucumber, white pumpkin and ridge gourd in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal Of Scientific. 2012;5((1)):161–70.

Houston MC. The Importance of potassium in managing hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports. 2011;13((4)):309–17.

Hendrayana T, Yoana K, Adnyana IK SE. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruit and combination with losartan attenuate the elevation of blood pressure in hypertensive rats induced by angiotensin II. J Pharmacopuncture. 26((4)):298–306.

Clark JL, Zahradka P TCG. Efficacy of flavonoids in the management of high blood pressure. Nutrv Rev. 2015;73((12)):799–822.

Ciumărnean L, Milaciu MV, Runcan O, Vesa ȘC, Răchișan AL, Negrean V et al. The effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases. Molescules. 2020;25(18):4320.

Tettey CO, Yang IJ SH. Vasodilatory effect of kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside via NO-cGMP-PKG signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2019;667:1–5.

Yuan RQ, Qian L, Yun WJ, Cui XH, Lv GX, Tang WQ et al. Cucurbitacins extracted from Cucumis melo L. (CuEC) exert a hypotensive effect via regulating vascular tone. Hypertens Res. 2019;42((8)):1152–61.

Niyi O, Jonathan A IA. Comparative assessment of the proximate, mineral composition and mineral safety index of peel, pulp and seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). J Appl Sci. 2019;9((9)):691–701.

Fadlilah S, Sucipto A JM. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) juice effective to reduce blood pressure. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;10((01)):001–8.

Santhana Lakshmi K, Lakshmi S. Simultaneous analysis of losartan potassium, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and in tablets by high-performance thin layer chromatography with UV-absorption densitometry. J Anal Methods Chem. 2012;2012:1–5.

Civantos B, Aleixandre A. Effect of dietary calcium supplements and amlodipine on growth, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2003 Jan 15;25(8):495–508.

Roell KR, Reif DM MRAA. An introduction to terminology and methodology of chemical synergy-perspectives from across disciplines. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:158.

Murcia-Lesmes D, Domínguez-López I, Laveriano-Santos EP, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Castro-Barquero S, Estruch R, et al. Association between tomato consumption and blood pressure in an older population at high cardiovascular risk: observational analysis of PREDIMED trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024 Jun 3;31(8):922–34.

Koniari K, Parissis J, Paraskevaidis I, Anastasiou-Nana M. Treating volume overload in acutely decompensated heart failure: established and novel therapeutic approaches. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2012 Sep 27;1(3):256–68.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35842/ilgi.v8i1.542